Are teachers underpaid

Underpaid? Are school teachers underpaid? I believe that American school teachers are. With the rising cost of college going to school to be a teacher is slowly becoming a less and less sought out Job. Even if perspective teachers pursue their dreams and graduate and get a teaching Job, they are almost indefinitely going to need a night Job to keep them ahead of their bills. The summer is an even worse since teachers have no source of income. Really the only way a teacher can obtain a decent raise is by getting a master's degree.Even then the teachers that do that might not be able to over the cost of the student loans and the regular bills. School teachers in Finland are paid like doctors and are respected twice as much. The country of Finland does this because they recognize teachers as the sole educators of the next generation of politician's, scientist, and engineers. So for those and many other reasons I believe that American school teachers are underpaid. â€Å"Public-school t eachers earn less in wages on average than non-teachers with the same level of education. † The typical starting salary of a teacher in Iowa is about thirty-three thousand dollars.An average home cost more than that. So that raises the question, how can teachers afford to pay a mortgage when then can barely pay for the house? With the rising interest rate it makes making the payments even more stressful and can drag is out for longer than you originally planned. To make the payments on the bills most teachers will pick up a night Job and use that to cover extra expenses such as doctor visits and other miscellaneous things. Most teachers will pick up little Jobs like clerks or waiting tables at night and even throughout the weekend if necessary.The thing that teachers need to do is learn how to manage their money and start small and accumulate things over time. This is the best advice that somebody can give a teacher. This gives them the confidence to pursue their career withou t having to worry about being afraid of the income in the future. If they Just start in an apartment right out of college then there is nothing to be worried about because that is what most college graduates do. If they are married on the other hand the spouse is going to need to be able to help with the mortgage so that they can both tackle it together.College is a wonderful thing it gives you so much more out of your career then you could possibly imagine. College is also something that can ruin you financially if you don't get the right Job right away, causing them in a worst case scenario to file bankruptcy. This is why going back to college can be a risky call toa teacher that is already struggling to make ends meet and is thinking about furthering their degree to try to make more money. The typical college student graduates in about 4 years, and then add the master's degree program and that's another 4 years and if you want yourPhD that is even more time to be taking out stude nt loans. up to an almost unpayable amount. You need a very high paying Job to be able to pay those loans off or you could be paying them for the rest of your life. So say you go to college and everything is great. You apply for many Jobs and you think you have a very good resume. And they go to the interview and you believe everything goes great and you have all the confidence in the world. As they await the call back their phone rings and they look at the I. D it says that it is the office of the school. They answer and they give you the news.This can either go two ways, they get the Job, or they don't. Well what if you don't get the Job? Then what are they supposed to do Just let all those years of college go to waste? This is what many teachers are faced with when they get that fateful call and they get the bad news. The moral here is there is always a chance you might not get the Job. You might have to have another Job to hold you over while you search for the perfect Job for y ou. If they do go to college and they get all the degrees necessary to get that top notch job. Even go above and beyond with the schooling and get their PhD to really solidify hat they deserve the Job.With all those years of schooling you come out with three main things, these include degrees, experience, and debt. The main thing people acquire of the course of college is a lot of debt. Then they have to pay those after six months of not being in school. What if no school is hiring around them or if they didn't do enough internships. Then they are going to have a problem paying those loans back. The interest of those loans are at an all-time high and they are rising yearly that's why some students don't even go to school or go for those low paying jobs. Most teachers apply for the loan forgiveness.They get this if they teach in the state they got certified in for five years. While teaching in the state. When most college students think about the future they don't imagine staying in their home state for all of their lives that's Just the way that most young people are. This will geta lot of people to stay no matter what and that means there will always be competition for a teaching Job. The teaching profession will always be one that you can count on being here. Getting that loan forgiveness is probably the best thing you can do as a student ooking for a Job out of college.Now with this argument there are people that say teachers are actually paid enough. This goes with saying that they are employed in a different country. College professors make a lot more than the average high school or elementary school teacher. Teachers in England earn about four thousand more than their counter parts. (Tim Ross 1) This accounts for the education gap that compares the other countries to the United States. They also have about 100 hours less of teaching. ) This snows that teachers don't need all that time in school to learn subjectsThis also keeps the students from losing in terest in what they are being taught. Teachers in other countries are mostly about 40 years or older. Teachers who get a master's degree will earn about 5 percent more than a teacher who doesn't. This can be a lot to someone who didn't get a very good starting salary. This can be a driving factor to go those two years in graduate school and take on those student loans. With added experience you can add a lot of boosters to your salary. If your class had good test scores and how well they did on standardized test.That is what they Judge you for how much they are willing to pay you for your services. So there is a really good opportunity to get a really good salary, but that is only if you have tons of experience and are a very good teacher. Teachers in other countries a very highly regarded even as high as doctors and judges. They get this way because they are seen as the teachers of the country. The people that do their Jobs today might not be able to do them tomorrow and that is wh y the teachers are so important to them. They teach the people that will take the current employees place when they can no longer work.So this paper talks about a lot of things. With those things are teachers are not paid enough to live in the Americas. They cannot afford the many things in life that you. So this is a call to the government to think about getting teachers a higher salary since they are state employees. To the public I say this. Who are you to blame the teacher for your child failing a class. Maybe they Just don't pay attention to the teacher that is in front of the class. So maybe you need to respect the teacher to make sure that your child gets a better education to be more successful in their lives. comp

Conformity and Obedience Essay - 3326 Words

Conformity and Obedience Task: outline and evaluate findings from conformity and obedience research and consider explanations for conformity (and non-conformity), as well as evaluating Milgram’s studies of obedience (including ethical issues). The following essay will be about understanding what is meant by and distinguishing the differences between the terms conformity and obedience. It will show the evaluation of two key psychological studies which seek to explain why people do and do not conform, also with explanations of minority influence. Whilst seeking to understand the reasons why people obey authority, it will show an evaluation of Milgram’s study of obedience, discussing the ethical issues raised from the research and†¦show more content†¦Over time these thought become part of our own cognitive world. When a person wants to be associated with a group accepting and believing the groups view this is called identification. A person may desire to be like another person, which may involve adopting the characters of the person (or group). This may not necessarily be to bring us rewards but because we find it satisfying to be like those, who we are identifying with. According to Cardwell (1996) obedience is a type of social influence whereby somebody acts in response to a direct order from another person. There is an implication the actor is made to respond in a way that they wouldn’t have otherwise done without the order. You are in no doubt when you are obeying an order (explicit). It is obvious when you are following an order and you won’t change your attitudes as you are behaving as instructed. We will always find ourselves in situations in which we are told to do things by other people, for example boss or supervisor at work. Within society we work in a hierarchy. We may disagree or resent the orders we are given even when they are legitimate. It is unlikely we will be given an order or instruction that goes against our conscience or involves us inflicting serious harm on another person. So why do we conform? Gross. R, et al (2000) in ‘2nd edition psychology a newShow MoreRelatedConformity and Obedience1770 Words   |  8 PagesConformity and Obedience Assignment In this assignment I intend to evaluate Stanley Milgrams studies of obedience and in particular the ethical issues broken. I hope to determine whether the knowledge gained justifies his experiments. After the destruction and atrocities committed in World War II many historians argued that there must be some sort of character defect that made the German people more obedient. Mailgram’s study was an attempt to test ‘the Germans are different’ hypothesis. TheRead MoreHistory Of Obedience And Conformity1729 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of Obedience and Conformity With the utterance of â€Å"research in obedience,† Stanley Milgram is the epithet in social psychology. 56 years ago, Milgram tested the limits of a person s ability to commit deeds that would normally be directionally challenging to their moral compass when commanded to act by an authority figure. Just 15 years after the World War II Holocaust, the Milgram experiments was a social psychology response to a topic of â€Å"particular relevance† during that time (MilgramRead MoreObedience and Conformity Essay508 Words   |  3 PagesObedience and Conformity Both obedience and conformity involve social pressure in obedience the pressure comes from behaving as you are instructed to do; whereas in conformity the pressure comes from group norms Behaviour in obedience is determined by social power, whereas in conformity it is influenced mostly by the need for acceptance. In nearly all societies, certain peopleRead MoreConformity and Obedience Essays2559 Words   |  11 PagesConformity and Obedience Why do we conform? Two basic sources of influence: normative social influence, the need to be liked, accepted by others and Informational influence: need to be correct and to behave in accordance with reality. Solomon Asch (1956) devised an experiment to see if subjects would conform even if they were uncertain that the group norm was incorrect. In his study he asked subjects to take part in an experiment. They were each asked to match a standard length line with threeRead MoreThe Phenomena of Conformity, Obedience, and Deviance2505 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Effects of Social Influence on Ones Self This essay defines the phenomenon of Conformity, Obedience and Deviance in the light of historic research and contemporary experiments. Concluding to the fact that deviance is a valuable Human attribute that makes our life what it is today. Introduction: Man is a social animal and among his other social needs, is to be socially recognized and acclaimed by his fellow society members. This desire is so overwhelming that one might go to any extent toRead MoreEssay about On Conformity and Obedience1176 Words   |  5 PagesConformity and Obedience People have been changing their behavior or obeying someone else’s commands for years. This continues today in our everyday lives. Conformity and obedience seem similar but differ in several ways. Conformity is defined by psychologists as a change in behavior or belief to accord with others. Similar to this, is obedience. Obedience is defined acting in accordance with a direct order or command. Normally people conform to reap a reward or to avoid punishment. If we complyRead MoreConformity And Obedience Are Both Social Behaviors1935 Words   |  8 PagesConformity and obedience are both social behaviors that are influenced by those around us and determines our behavior in social situations. When we change our attitude or behavior based on those around us, we are conforming to their behavior. When we obey what we are told, by what we perceive to be an authority figure, we are being obedient. Conformity and obedience can have positive or negative results on our lives, dependin g on the situation and the individuals involved. Symbolic interactions areRead MoreAdaptive Social Behaviors, Conformity, Compliance And Obedience1369 Words   |  6 PagesAdaptive Social Behaviours Conformity, compliance and obedience are a set of adaptive social behaviours that one makes use of to get by in daily social activities. They are all some form of social influence, which causes a change in a particular person or group’s behaviour, attitude and/or feelings (Cialdini, 2000, 2006). Various forms of social influence have been used for a variety of reasons; sometimes to help individuals stray from harmful behaviour such as smoking; other times [not as altruisticRead MoreMajor Categories Of Social Influence : Conformity, Compliance, And Obedience2039 Words   |  9 PagesKatrina Venta PSY 226 Community College of Aurora March 11, 2016 Abstract There are three major categories of social influence: conformity, compliance, and obedience. Conformity is the change of behavior to be able to fit in and gain approval from other people. Compliance, on the other hand, is when a person changes their behavior in response to being asked directly. While obedience is a response to an authority figure directing an individual (Kenrick, Neuberg, Cialdini, 2010, p. 183). These social influencesRead MoreAsch s Conformity Experiment And Milgram s Obedience Experiment Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiments; Asch s conformity experiment and Milgram s obedience experiment. The two experiments will be compared for validity and their ethics. In addition, this report will take into consideration Zimbardo s Stanford Prison experiment and the Lucifer Effect. To analyse how obedience and conformity theories can be used as an example of why good people can turn bad. This report will also look at how obedience and conformity can be applied to the c riminal justice system. Conformity Solomon Asch s

Causes And Effect Of Oxygen Aids - 1419 Words

Oxygen aids in carrying out several cellular processes of energy transformation for life. In many processes, oxygen is consumed when nutrients, such as protein, carbohydrates, or fats are oxidized, and carbon dioxide is produced as the gaseous waste. Respiration is the process by which oxygen is taken from the environment, delivered to the cells, utilized by those cells, and where carbon dioxide is is produced and delivered to the lungs to be excreted. There are three different categories of respiration; external respiration, gas transport, and internal respiration. External respiration is defined as how a person gets oxygen from the environment and excretes carbon dioxide. Gas transport is the process by which oxygen is distributed and carbon dioxide is removed from cells. Lastly, internal respiration consists of the chemical reactions of cellular metabolism where oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide is produced. The respiratory system in humans is broken up into an upper and lower division. The upper division consists of the nasal and oral cavities, the throat (pharynx), and the voice box (larynx). The lower division is the system of airways that get progressively smaller that resemble an inverted tree with the wind pipe (trachea), the right and left bronchus, the lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, subsegmental bronchi, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and individual alveoli. Gas exchange only occurs in the thin walled parts ofShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Oxidative Stress On A Free Radicals1388 Words   |  6 Pagesunstable molecule can lead to damage within the cell and cause the cell to function improperly. Therefore, preventing oxidative stress is very important for the cell to maintain its proper function. If the cell does not function properly, an increase in antioxidants can help to repair the cell. Antioxidants are produced by the cell but i ncreasing antioxidants for example in ones diet can reduce the amount of free radicals in the body that cause harm and as a result lead to oxidative stress in the bodyRead MoreShould Blood Doping Be Illegal or Legal in Sports?1499 Words   |  6 Pagesand psychological problems. In order to understand the positive and negative effect of blood doping to an athlete’s performance, some background information is needed. The general reason why people blood dope is because of the lactic acid build up when doing strenuous sports. If one want to do strenuous workout or exercise, one need a ready supply of oxygen and ATP (adenine triphosphate). When there is lack of oxygen in the body, the muscles are unable to perform at their best potential. When lacticRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pagespractically everywhere. One very serious side effect of an increase of sexual activity is the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases. They affect more than twelve million Americans each year. Sexually transmitted diseases are becoming common and widely spread throughout Americans because of unprotected sex, permiscuity, and multiple sex partners. Some of the most commonly found sexually transmitted diseases are gonorrhea, chl amydia, HIV/AIDS, and syphilis. The Center for Disease ControlRead MoreSaline Instillation Down The Endotracheal Tube1533 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT Saline instillation down the endotracheal tube or tracheotomy to aid in secretion removal is a common practice in the intensive care unit (ICU). Normal saline instillation is used to decrease the viscosity of mucous in order to mobilize secretions and aid in suctioning mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care units. Many respiratory therapists and nurses are currently using saline with endotracheal suctioning without an adequate knowledge of any existing evidence-based researchRead MoreBlood Agents: What are they?1300 Words   |  6 Pagesabout because at the time they were first introduced, it was believed that, they had an effect on the actual blood itself. This was due to the bright red color it caused its victims, not for the true effects that these agents have on the oxygen in the blood. Blood agents are chemical agents that lessen the amount of oxygen in the blood stream. They do this in one of two ways: they either prohibit oxygen from entering the blood or obstruct the blood and keep it from moving from one place in theRead MoreInto Thin Air by Jon Krakeur727 Words   |  3 Pageseach other for aid and safety, but never at the risk of their own life. The actions of Andy Harris, Krakauer’s climbing guide, and his bold determination to care for the survival and well-being of his clients, make us question the depths to which a person should go to care for other people before caring for themselves. Harris if first shown to us in a light that suggests he’s a bold and courageous man, even being courageous to the point of recklessness, and this is what eventually causes him his lifeRead MoreThe Essential Compound of Water on Earth674 Words   |  3 PagesFormed by two bonded hydrogens and an oxygen atom it is the second most essential compound to life on Earth, water. However, less than four percent of it is available for human consumption; it may be found in a liquid state or as water vapor within the atmosphere. As society progresses in becoming more populous and industrialized so does the demand for fresh water, thus scientists have and continue to experiment with adding particles to clouds in order to aid in creating precipitation. In natureRead MoreThe Decision For Admit Ms. Z1680 Words   |  7 Pagesbenefit of this is that it allows the provider team to keep an eye on any changes or potentially fatal arrhythmias and respond quickly, and it is wireless so she will be able to get up and move around. A risk of continuous telemetry is that is can cause skin irritation and may heighten her anxiety by knowing it is tracking changes in her vital signs constantly. I would follow through with this order because it is important to monitor her for changes and be able to respond immediately. The 12-leadRead MoreEffect Of Ph On The Activity Of Catalase1326 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The purpose of this investigation is to discover the effect of pH on the activity of catalase, an enzyme which plays the integral role of converting hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, and discover which pH level it will work at the most efficient rate (the optimum). The original hypothesis states that that the optimum would be at a pH is 7, due to the liver, where catalase usually resides, being neutral. The experiment consists of introducing the catalase to hydrogen peroxide, afterRead MoreAcid Rain From The Scottish Chemist Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesMany of the acidic deposits that fall from earth from to the atmosphere can cause the pH of the water to change, making them have a higher acidity than desired. This process was named acid rain from the Scottish chemist, Robert Angus Smith who discovered this in the 19th century (Reed, 2014). Acid rain is commonly known as air pollution today causing many detrimental effects on the environment (Funk Wagnalls, 2016). Based on the pH of the concentrated rainfall, acid precipitation begins to take

I Want to Become a Forensic Psychologist - 1067 Words

Forensic Psychologist Shows like â€Å"Criminal Minds† have made the forensics psychologist field progress. What do forensic psychologist do? â€Å"Forensic psychologist is the application of the science and profession of psychology to questions and issues relating to law and the legal system.† (An Overview of Forensic Psychology, 2014)The career I want to engage in is forensic psychologist but first you have to learn the work environment, the education, the earnings, the outlook, the pros, and the cons. â€Å"With numerous portrayals in books, movies and television programs, interest in forensic psychology has grown significantly in recent years.† (An Overview of Forensic Psychology, 2014) The work environment of forensic psychologist varies widely. â€Å"Working hours are typically nine to five, with some flexibility required. Evening and weekend work may occasionally be necessary.† (Forensic Psychologist, 2012) Most of the time you will always be on the call. Being on call means at any time you could get a call and have to drop what you are doing and go tend to what the call was about. As a trainee you are supervised then as time progresses and you progress the supervision becomes less. â€Å"Forensic psychologist work not only with prisoners and offenders but also with other professionals involved in the judicial penal systems, and with victims of crime.†(Forensic Psychologist: Job Description, Ed. AGCAS, Aug 2012) To become a forensics psychologist I will at least need to have aShow MoreRelatedThe Fantastic Field Of Forensic Psychology1327 Words   |  6 PagesKaylin Mize Mrs. Lozares Honors English II 15 February 2017 The Fantastic Field of Forensic Psychology 1 Forensic psychology is a developing science that is quickly being utilized in many industries. It is a very difficult choice of career, but perhaps that’s why I am so attracted to it. I’ve always been curious about the mind. I am not interested in so much as to the physical makeup of the brain such like a neurologist. I am more attracted to the chemical imbalances that can make someone develop a mentalRead MoreThe Importance Of Becoming A Forensic Psychologist1218 Words   |  5 Pagesfuture. Every minute of every day is spent trying to become better equipped, whether it be voluntary or an instinct. Picking a career is just one example of an aspect in life that is heavily dependent on choices throughout life. Decisions about what courses to take, what college to attend, what major to pick, where to live after graduation, all depend on the career a person is pursuing. For someone who desires to enter the department of forensic psychology, certain steps must be taken. It is essentialRead MoreA Brief Note On Forensic Psychology And The Criminal Justice System1270 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant. One critical job linked to the criminal justice system is that of a forensic psychologist. Forensic psychology requires a background in psychology, but works primarily in the court system. Most of the time, a forensic psychologist applies their expertise in psychology to a case, whether it is by assessing a defendant’s mental competency or determining how a pre-existing condition influenced a crime. Forensic psychology requires certain steps to be taken. It is essential that one is properlyRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Forensic Psychology1558 Words   |  7 PagesEver since I was little I was extremely observant of the people surrounding me. I would watch and study their behaviors, always trying to figure out their thoughts and emotions. Recently I have realized that I could put my childhood play into a real life paying job, only instea d of my peers I would get to study criminals. I don’t know much about Forensic Psychology other than the fact that I must achieve a PsyD, and I would be assigned different cities to live and work in. I want to learn about whatRead MoreForensic Psychology : A Unique Twist On Regular Psychology1634 Words   |  7 Pages Forensic psychology is a unique twist on regular psychology. Remarkably the job of a forensic is a more intense psychiatrist. This is because they do more than normal psychiatrist. A Forensic Psychiatrist is a doctor that has training in psychiatry and forensic that come together to be used with in different aspects of the law (Forensic Psychiatrist: Job Description, 2013). I am interested in Forensic Psychiatrist as a career because it deals with both Forensic and psychology and I am very fascinatedRead MorePSY 305 Week 1 Exploring Psychology Careers Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Exploring Psychology Careers Sara M. Covey PSY 305 February 6, 2015 Dr. Sheila Rapa Exploring Psychology Careers Everyone who decides to enroll in college must, at some point, think about what area they want to major in. There are many things that students consider when choosing a major. Some make their decision based on what they think can make them the most money once they begin their lives in the work force. However, many students believe that if you choose a major that interestsRead MorePersonal Career Goal Paper 763 Words   |  4 Pageswould be the forensics and the ability to diagnose an individual that tries to say that he or she is mentally unstable. I feel that this is one of the biggest factors that helps prosecute some of the world’s most profound individual’s known to our legal system. Forensic Psychologists: Roles and  Activities An interesting article I encountered in regards to my career goals was one written by, John Wiley, named, â€Å"Forensic Psychologists: Roles and Activities†. Forensic psychologists have a role inRead MoreThe Criminal Justice Program At Saint Leo University917 Words   |  4 PagesAs a child, if you asked me what I wanted to be when I grow up, and I answered a lawyer undoubtingly. Once my parents denied signing any of my financial aid forms for school, all of my optimism for that dream went downhill. One thing that has always been consistent is my love for fighting for what is right for the people. My passion for the law and people aided my decision to join the military. Upon my retirement from the military, I was compelled to enroll in the Criminal Justice program at SaintRead MoreCriminal Psychology, And Forensic Psychology1490 Words   |  6 Pagesfocuses only on criminal psychology. The research provided is a description of what is required to become a criminal psycho logist; the information includes an in-depth look into â€Å"what a criminal psychologist is†. Types of educational and training background are required, such as what degrees are needed. The use of different assessment and intervention methods and what types of cases a criminal psychologist handles. 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Dodge vs Chevy free essay sample

You’re going to the dealership to buy a new diesel truck but you don’t know what brand to get. You’ve been thinking about it, doing a little research and you’ve come to a â€Å"brick wall†. You can’t decide whether to get the Dodge 2500 Cummins or the Chevrolet 2500 Duramax. Well my advice would be to get them both, because they are both GREAT trucks. Each of them is going to last you a long time and give you close to no problems. But†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Since you may not be able to afford both or have any use for both vehicles, you need to pick one. This paper will hopefully help make up your mind. The Dodge 2500 diesel is the fastest selling truck on the market, mainly because of its Cummins B-series engine. The Cummins B-series engine was introduced to Dodge in 1989. It marked the first time a genuine medium-duty diesel engine had been used in a light-duty truck as the 2500 Ram. We will write a custom essay sample on Dodge vs Chevy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sure, other pickups had diesels, but none of them had an engine with a gross vehicle weight rating anywhere near the Cummins B-series 66,000 pound limit. Although it has a great engine, the body is known to be made cheaper than Ford or Chevy. A lot of people have problems with the dash cracking down the middle, paint fading and chipping easier, and when getting in wrecks, the frame breaking when it should have more of a springy characteristic. Also Dodge uses cheap axils, which are the heavy iron bars going from the frame to the wheels. Because Dodge uses cheap axils, the front-wheel alignment gets unaligned easier and can cause, what some people call â€Å"the Death Wobble†. The Death wobble is when you are driving at speeds above 60 miles an hour and all of a sudden the alignment goes out of line and both front wheels start shaking back and forth sometimes causing you to lose control of the vehicle. Although its flaws may sound bad, the Cummins engine over weighs the cons by a long shot. It has more towing power, horse power, its built tougher, and i s known to outlast the vehicle itself. 200,000 miles on a vehicle may sound like a lot but it’s nothing when it comes to a Cummins if used properly. The Chevrolet 2500 diesel also has a good engine but a lot of people don’t like them due to the fact that they are made by Isuzu in Japan so getting parts for them is a bit expensive, also there are not a whole lot of people/mechanics that know how to work on the Duramx engine so finding someone who can work on it is a little bit difficult. Another con about the Duramax engine is that, at around 200,000 miles, they are known to start having problems like injector failure, mass air flow sensors going out, etc, unlike the Cummins engine that can go over 300,000 miles without having any problems. Although the Chevrolet may not have the best Engine, many people would say that is has the BEST transmission. In case you don’t know what the job of the transmission is, they are a cone-shaped part about the size of three tires placed side by side that are connected from the engine to the drive shaft. The engine spins the drive shaft while the transmission switches gears when to engines gets revved up to keep the engine from overheating. Transmissions are not something you would want to be going bad very often. It is very expensive when it comes to getting them replaced. Transmissions are not easily fixed. When something goes wrong, Most of the time the only option is to get a brand new one. Transmissions, for a diesel truck, can cost you anywhere between 2,000 dollars to 8,000 dollars. Chevrolet uses the Allison-Chalmers transmission. Every part inside of this transmission is made to top quality. Many trucks need a new transmission after about 200,000 miles but tests have shown that the Allison-Chalmers transmission can go 300,000 miles, even when hauling heavy loads on a normal basis. Another pro for the Chevrolet is the interior and paint. Chevrolet puts a little more money into the materials used to build their unlike Dodge, for the most part at least. They use better paint that doesn’t fade or chip as easily as dodge and they use thicker and heavier iron for their axils to avoid the constant need for re-alignment. But, like Dodge, the interior is not always considered â€Å"the best†. They have had problems with paint peeling off dashes and door panels and some people say that the material used on the seats are un-modern.

Stomata Lab Report free essay sample

During those high-carbon-dioxide times, plants with fewer stomata will have an advantage and will be common. On the other hand, when carbon dioxide levels are low, plants need many stomata in order to scrape together enough carbon dioxide to survive. During low-carbon-dioxide times, plants with more stomata will have an advantage and will be common. (Understanding Evolution) Therefore, the question to be tested will be if you count the number of stomata of the same species of leaf at different stages of life will the number of stomata be different? My hypothesis is if we count the number of leaf stomata at three different stages of life then the number of stomata will be less as the leaf gets older because the leaf is dying. (Understanding Evolution) Procedure Approximately three leaves of the where gathered to use in this experiment. Each leaf was at a different stage of life: alive, dying, and dead. We will write a custom essay sample on Stomata Lab Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A thin cast of a tiny part of the surface of the underside of each leaf was created using NYC clear nail polish. The imprint of each leaf’s underside was viewed one at a time under a light microscope using the cast, which was carefully removed from each leaf with a piece of packing tape. The stomata were completely visible and were able to be counted under the lowest view setting of 100x. The stomata of each leaf were observed and counted four times. When viewing the stomata in each leaf for detail, the setting of 400x was used. This made the view of the stomata large enough to tell whether they were open or not. The number and description of the stomata of each leaf was recorded. Results Life stage of Leaf| Number of Stomata| Average| Coloration of Leaf| Alive| Trial One: 36s| Trial Two: 34s| 34. 5| | | Trial Three: 34s| Trial Four: 34s| | | Dying| Trial One: 34s| Trial Two: 31s| 31. 75| | | Trial Three: 30s| Trial Four: 32s| | | Dead| Trial One: 27s| Trial Two: 32s| 29. 25| | | Trial Three: 29s| Trial Four: 29s| | | s=Stomata Graph- Number of stomata counted on each stage of life for the leaf X=Trials Y=Number of stomata Results (continued) The number of stomata on each leaf averaged between 29. 25 and 34. 5 stomata in one tiny area observed on each leaf. The leaf that was alive had an average of 34. 5 stomata counted in the one specific area observed, the dying leaf had an average of 31. 75 stomata in the area observed and the dead leaf had an average of 29. 25 stomata in the area observed. These averages were results of four different trials in which the stomata were counted and observed in the specified area of each plant, every trial having a new person count the stomata. The stomata of the dead leaf were closed; the stomata of the leaf that was alive were open. The stomata of the leaf that was dying varied. In some places, the stomata were opened, in others, they were closed. The stomata that were open were bunched in separate areas of the observed section of the leaf, as were the stomata that were closed. Neither of the different stomata were mixed between each other in the dying leaf. All three leaves stomata were scattered around in the observed area and did not have a noticeable pattern to their placing. Conclusion: The data gathered shows that there is, in fact, a difference in the number and the appearance of stomata in three different life stages of an American elm leaf. However, the differences in the number of stomata are slight, calculating to a difference of only 5. 25 stomata between the largest and smallest average. The leaf that was alive had the greatest number of stomata, followed by the dying leaf and then the dead one, which had the least number of stomata. The numbers of stomata seem to descend as the leaf dies. However, this difference is insignificant considering that the stomata that were counted were a part of a very tiny area of the leaf (smaller than a fraction of a centimeter). The difference of stomata in each leaf came out to only 5. 5, which isn’t a large enough difference in the stomata of a small area of the leaf to be determined as significant. Further investigation would have to be performed in order to test this and get more accurate results. The difference that was significant was that of the appearance of the stomata. In the dead leaf, the stomata were closed; in the leaf that was alive, the stomata were open. The stomata of the dying leaf however, varied. Parts of the section viewed under the microscope consisted of opened stomata, others consisted of closed stomata. This might be because the leaf wasn’t completely dead, or parts of the leaf were still alive. When something is dying, the working parts of it do not stop functioning completely, they shut down at various times. This explains why some the stomata are open and some were closed. There was no significant difference in the number of stomata between the three leaves; however there was a dramatic difference in the appearance of the stomata in each leaf. If I were to re-do this lab in the future I would make sure to keep my fingers off of the viewing part of the tape. I think it may have altered our results in the end, like the number of stomata should have been without outliers. Another error that I have discovered was that we used different microscope power for the leaves. We should have used all the same power on each leaf for more accurate results to be sure we were viewing the same amount of area. The data also proves this because for the alive and the dying leaf we used the 100x zoom, but we used 400x zoom for the dead leaf. I’d infer that we did this because the dead leafs stomata were closed which could have made them harder to see. Stomata Lab Report free essay sample A long 350 million years ago, life on land was unsuitable for plants to live on with the little to no supply of oxygen and the harmful ultraviolet rays of the scorching sun. This lead to life beginning in the ocean where scientists have traced back to an ancestral bryophyte (also known as freshwater green algae) that has, over time, developed a key process of making food by using the energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into by glucose and oxygen. The plant life history also involves the alternations of generations that allows a plant to undergo meiotic/mitotic phases between the sporophyte(diploid) and gametophyte(haploid) generation. In leaves, gas exchange occurs through little pores called the stomata which are present in the sporophyte generation. These small openings are light sensitive, so they are most commonly located on the bottom of leaves to prevent dehydration. The stomata usually open in the morning, and close in the night in C3 and C4 plants. We will write a custom essay sample on Stomata Lab Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although, many plants species are different when you compare their stomata orientation. One of the two major groups of flowering plants(angiosperms) are monocots, which include palms. These trees have adapted to harsh, dry environments. The deep roots of a palm tree allow it to reach far below the soil and obtain the necessary water and minerals stored at the bottom, and to help it grow. Its giant sized leaves allows for maximum sunlight exposure and its waxy surface cuticle of its leaves prevent the large loss of water from leaf due to transpiration. For the lab, I observed six leaves collected from six different plants growing sporadically around the school campus. Using clear tape, sticking it to the bottom of each leaf, applying pressure, and carefully peeling the tape off for an imprint of the leaf. I stuck the tape onto a glass slide and placed it under the microscope and observed the cells. Adjusting the magnification down 1000x, it is noticeable that the stomata were open since it was early morning to collect any moisture, sunlight, and oxygen in the air. Thus, narrowing down the plants to be either C3 or C4 plants since CAM plants only open their stomata at night. Plant species 1 had mesophyll cells surrounding the stoma were which were formed in parallel layers, similar to the visual on page 128, leading to conclude that it was C3. Plant species 2 had mesophyll cells that were again, arranged in parallel layers so another C3 plant. Plant species 3 is also a C3. Plant species number 4 is also the same. Oh, but plant species 5 is differently arranged, the mesophyll cells are more concentric around the bundle sheath cells, therefore, it being a C4 plant. Plant species 6 has the same mesophyll cell pattern as plant species 5 so it is also a C4 plant. When I got a sample of a palm tree leaf imprint, the mesophyll cells are well-formed and arranged in parallel layers just like Plant species 1, 2, and 3 so a palm tree is a C3 plant. In conclusion, most of the leaves were similar but when observed more closely their differences are more obvious. Some plants had more stomata than the other although they were found on the same part of the leaves. This is most likely due to the fact that each plant has a specific amount of nutrients they need to be well nourished in order to survive. When you compare normal leaves to an actual plant like the palm tree that adapted to Floridas hot environment, there was significantly more stomata all around the not-so broad leaves.

Mosquito Control With Birds and Other Natural Predators

Mosquito Control With Birds and Other Natural Predators When the topic of  mosquito control is discussed, thrown into the mix is usually a fervent argument for installing purple martin houses and bat houses. Stores that cater to bird enthusiasts often tout the purple martin houses as the best solution for keeping your yard mosquito free. Bats, which may not be the most beloved of mammals, are defended with the claim that they consume hundreds of mosquitoes per hour. The truth of the matter is that neither purple martins nor bats provide any significant measure of mosquito control. While both eat mosquitoes, the insect makes up a very tiny portion of their diets. Other animals might have an upper hand on mosquito control, particularly in the fish, other insect, and amphibian classes. Mosquito Munchies For bats and birds, mosquitoes are more like a passing snack. Multiple studies of wild bats have consistently shown that mosquitoes consist of less than 1 percent of their diet. In purple martins, the percentage of mosquitoes in their diet is slightly higher- about 3 percent, at most. The reason is simple. The payoff is small. A bird or a bat that feeds on insects must invest considerable energy in flying around and must catch the bugs in mid-air. Birds and bats are usually seeking the biggest caloric bang for their buck. Given the choice between a mosquito morsel, a hardy beetle, or a mouthful of moth, the mosquito hardly makes the top-10 list. An Efficient Mosquito Natural Predator Gambusia affinis, also known as the mosquitofish, is an American fish that is utilized by some mosquito control districts across the country as a very effective predator of mosquito larvae. As far as natural predators go, the mosquitofish is by far the most efficient natural predator of mosquitoes. The mosquitofish is a voracious predator. In certain studies, mosquitofish have been shown to consume up to 167 percent of their body weight in invertebrate prey, including mosquito larvae, per day. Mosquitofish, as well as small predatory fish such as guppies, can be quite useful in the reduction of mosquito larvae given the right conditions. Other Mosquito Consumers The closely related  dragonflies and damselflies  are natural predators of mosquitoes but do not consume enough mosquitoes to cause a significant impact on the wild mosquito population. Dragonflies are often referred to as mosquito hawks for an unsubstantiated claim of being able to kill thousands of mosquitoes. One thing that does make the dragonfly a better predator than most is that, in the aquatic larval stage, one of their food sources is mosquito larvae. Dragonfly larvae can sometimes live up to six years in this stage. During this phase of life, dragonflies do the most damage to mosquito populations. Frogs, toads, and their young tadpoles are often touted as excellent for mosquito control. In reality, while they do consume their fair share, it is not enough to seriously put a dent in vast mosquito populations. When frogs and toads do consume mosquitoes, it is usually after they have transformed from tadpole to adult.